Chemistry
- C1 – Classifying Materials
- C2 – Formulae and Equations
- C3 – Patterns of Behaviour in Elements and Compounds
- - Outline
- C4 – Changing Materials into Useful Products
- C5 – Patterns of Behaviour in Reactions
- C6 – Changing Materials and the Environment
- C7 – Additional Content
C1 – Classifying Materials
- Topic C1a: Atomic Structure
- State the mass, charge and position of the three sub-atomic particles
- Define the terms atomic number and mass number
- Describe the electronic structures of the first twenty elements in written form and diagrams
- Define the term isotopes
- Topic C1b: Bonding
- Draw dot-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic bonds
- Draw dot-cross diagrams to show the formation of covalent bonds
- Describe and explain the properties of ionic compounds, simple molecular substances and giant covalent substances
- Define the terms atom, molecule, ion, element, compound, mixture, covalent bond
- Topic C1c: States of Matter
- Describe the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter
- Name the changes of state
- Describe what happens during changes of state in terms of particles
- Topic C1d: Glass
- State the components of glass
- Describe the structure of glass
- Describe the advantages and disadvantages of recycling glass
C2 – Formulae and Equations
- Learning Aims
- Write word equations
- Recall the symbols for 30 elements
- Recall the names of the seven diatomic elements
- Recall the formula of 10 compounds
- Understand how to work out the formula of ionic compounds
- Recall the four state symbols
- Write balanced chemical equations
- Calculate relative formula mass
- Calculate masses in reactions
- Carry out calculations involving moles
By the end of the class you should be able to:
C3 – Patterns of Behaviour in Elements and Compounds
- Topic C3a: The Periodic Table
- State the formula for density
- Describe five differences between metals and non-metals
- Describe and explain the arrangement of the periodic table
- Describe the periodic pattern of electronic structure and melting point
- Topic C3b: Alkali Metals
- Describe the trends in physical properties (density, hardness and melting point) of the alkali metals
- Describe the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals
- Topic C3c: Halogens
- Describe the trends in physical properties (colour, physical state, density and melting point) of the halogens
- Describe the trend in reactivity of the halogens
- Topic C3d: Salt
- Define the terms electrode, electrolyte, anode and cathode
- Describe the tests for chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen and carbon dioxide
- State the products of the electrolysis of solutions of ionic compounds
- State the products of the electrolysis of salt and their uses
- Topic C3e: Chemicals from Calcium Carbonate
- Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone
- Describe one use of lime
C5 – Patterns of Behaviour in Reactions
- Understand that concentration, temperature and surface area are factors which affect the speeds of chemical reactions
- Be able to interpret data from reaction rate experiments
- Understand the factors affecting reaction rate in terms of the frequency of reactive collision between particles
- Know the terms exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction
- Know that some finely powdered substances may explode when ignited because their high surface area causes very high reaction rate
Patterns of Behaviour in Reactions .ppt ~ Download the .ppt ~
C6 – Changing Materials and the Environment
- Know that rocks may be classified as sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic
- Know that geological time scales are very long compared to human lifetimes
- Know that weathering of rocks is the result of both physical and chemical changes and that soil is formed from both rocks and organic material
- Be able to describe at least one example in each case of physical, biological and chemical weathering of rock
- Know that weathering of rock releases salts into the soil which plants need for growth
- Know that ammonia is an alkaline gas
- Know the effect of ammonia on damp litmus paper
- Know that fertilisers contain inorganic ions which supply plants with elements they need, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
- Know the test for the ammonium ion by warming with sodium hydroxide solution
- Know the test for the nitrate ion by reduction with aluminium
- Be able to distinguish between ammonia and ammonium salts
- Understand equations which describe the chemical changes involved in the manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid and sulfuric acid
- Know the meaning of the term nitrogen fixation
- Understand the effect of catalysts in the synthesis of ammonia, nitric and sulfuric acids
- Know that leaching of nitrates from the soil is a problem, while leaching of phosphates and potassium salts is
Changing Materials and the Environment .ppt ~ Download the .ppt ~
C7 – Additional Content
- Topic C7a: Chemicals from Plants
- State the three elements present in carbohydrates
- Describe the structure of starch and cellulose
- State the five elements present in proteins
- Describe the structure of proteins
- State the uses of cellulose, rubber and wood
- Topic C7b: Solvents and Solutions
- Describe how water is purified
- Describe the tests for chloride ions, sulphate ions and carbonate ions
- Understand the measurement of concentrations
- State the causes of hardness in water
- Describe two disadvantages of hard water
- Describe two ways to remove hardness
- Define the terms solute, solvent and solution
- State the basic rule of solubility
- Describe how detergents work
- Describe the main domestic, industrial and agricultural sources of water pollution
- Topic C7c: Acids and Alkalis
- Describe the pH scale
- Define the terms base, alkali and antacid
- Describe the reactions of acids with metals, bases and carbonates
- Write the ionic equation for all neutralisation reactions
- Define the term exothermic reaction
- Perform calculations on neutralisation reactions using the mole concept
- Topic C7d: Dyes and Drugs
- State the two types of dye
- Describe the process of chromatography
- Describe the effected of impurities on the melting and the boiling point of a substance
- Define the terms drug, analgesic and chemotherapy
- Describe two cases when purity of chemicals is important
- Topic C7e: Colloids
- Define the terms colloid, sol, gel and emulsion
- Explain why colloids are opaque
- Describe the purpose and the action of emulsifiers
- Topic C7f: Batteries
- Describe a simple cell
- Describe the relationship between the voltage of a cell and the reactivity series
- Describe the know that changing the electrodes changes the cell voltage
- Explain why cells run out
- Explain the factors which dictate the choice of cells for particular purposes
- Explain the differences between simple cells, rechargeable cells and fuel cells
- Topic C7g: Metals and Alloys
- State the two substances which cause rusting
- Describe methods of rust prevention and their advantages and disadvantages
- Define the term alloy and describe how they are formed
- Describe the properties of common metals and alloys
- Describe the structure and properties of metals
- Describe three properties of the transition elements
- Explain the malleability of alloys
- Use the mole concept to describe the amounts of metals in an alloy
- State the flame colours of sodium, copper, calcium and potassium
- Describe the tests for aqueous copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and zinc, using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia