General
C1a: Atomic Structure
C1b: Bonding
C1c: States of Matter
C1d: Glass
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Topic C1a: Atomic Structure
State the mass, charge and position of the three sub-atomic particles
Define the terms atomic number and mass number
Describe the electronic structures of the first twenty elements in written form and diagrams
Define the term isotopes
Draw dot-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic bonds
Draw dot-cross diagrams to show the formation of covalent bonds
Describe and explain the properties of ionic compounds, simple molecular substances and giant covalent substances
Define the terms atom, molecule, ion, element, compound, mixture, covalent bond
Topic C1c: States of Matter
Describe the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter
Name the changes of state
Describe what happens during changes of state in terms of particles
State the components of glass
Describe the structure of glass
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of recycling glass
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Learning Aims
By the end of the class you should be able to:
Write word equations
Recall the symbols for 30 elements
Recall the names of the seven diatomic elements
Recall the formula of 10 compounds
Understand how to work out the formula of ionic compounds
Recall the four state symbols
Write balanced chemical equations
Calculate relative formula mass
Calculate masses in reactions
Carry out calculations involving moles
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Topic C3a: The Periodic Table
State the formula for density
Describe five differences between metals and non-metals
Describe and explain the arrangement of the periodic table
Describe the periodic pattern of electronic structure and melting point
Describe the trends in physical properties (density, hardness and melting point) of the alkali metals
Describe the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals
Describe the trends in physical properties (colour, physical state, density and melting point) of the halogens
Describe the trend in reactivity of the halogens
Define the terms electrode, electrolyte, anode and cathode
Describe the tests for chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen and carbon dioxide
State the products of the electrolysis of solutions of ionic compounds
State the products of the electrolysis of salt and their uses
Topic C3e: Chemicals from Calcium Carbonate
Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone
Describe one use of lime
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- Understand that concentration, temperature and surface area are factors which affect the speeds of chemical reactions
- Be able to interpret data from reaction rate experiments
- Understand the factors affecting reaction rate in terms of the frequency of reactive collision between particles
- Know the terms exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction
- Know that some finely powdered substances may explode when ignited because their high surface area causes very high reaction rate
Patterns of Behaviour in Reactions .ppt ~ Download ~
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- Know that rocks may be classified as sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic
- Know that geological time scales are very long compared to human lifetimes
- Know that weathering of rocks is the result of both physical and chemical changes and that soil is formed from both rocks and organic material
- Be able to describe at least one example in each case of physical, biological and chemical weathering of rock
- Know that weathering of rock releases salts into the soil which plants need for growth
- Know that ammonia is an alkaline gas
- Know the effect of ammonia on damp litmus paper
- Know that fertilisers contain inorganic ions which supply plants with elements they need, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
- Know the test for the ammonium ion by warming with sodium hydroxide solution
- Know the test for the nitrate ion by reduction with aluminium
- Be able to distinguish between ammonia and ammonium salts
- Understand equations which describe the chemical changes involved in the manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid and sulfuric acid
- Know the meaning of the term nitrogen fixation
- Understand the effect of catalysts in the synthesis of ammonia, nitric and sulfuric acids
- Know that leaching of nitrates from the soil is a problem, while leaching of phosphates and potassium salts is
Changing Materials and the Environment .ppt ~ Download ~
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Topic C7a: Chemicals from Plants
State the three elements present in carbohydrates
Describe the structure of starch and cellulose
State the five elements present in proteins
Describe the structure of proteins
State the uses of cellulose, rubber and wood
Topic C7b: Solvents and Solutions
Describe how water is purified
Describe the tests for chloride ions, sulphate ions and carbonate ions
Understand the measurement of concentrations
State the causes of hardness in water
Describe two disadvantages of hard water
Describe two ways to remove hardness
Define the terms solute, solvent and solution
State the basic rule of solubility
Describe how detergents work
Describe the main domestic, industrial and agricultural sources of water pollution
Topic C7c: Acids and Alkalis
Describe the pH scale
Define the terms base, alkali and antacid
Describe the reactions of acids with metals, bases and carbonates
Write the ionic equation for all neutralisation reactions
Define the term exothermic reaction
Perform calculations on neutralisation reactions using the mole concept
Topic C7d: Dyes and Drugs
State the two types of dye
Describe the process of chromatography
Describe the effected of impurities on the melting and the boiling point of a substance
Define the terms drug, analgesic and chemotherapy
Describe two cases when purity of chemicals is important
Define the terms colloid, sol, gel and emulsion
Explain why colloids are opaque
Describe the purpose and the action of emulsifiers
Describe a simple cell
Describe the relationship between the voltage of a cell and the reactivity series
Describe the know that changing the electrodes changes the cell voltage
Explain why cells run out
Explain the factors which dictate the choice of cells for particular purposes
Explain the differences between simple cells, rechargeable cells and fuel cells
Topic C7g: Metals and Alloys
State the two substances which cause rusting
Describe methods of rust prevention and their advantages and disadvantages
Define the term alloy and describe how they are formed
Describe the properties of common metals and alloys
Describe the structure and properties of metals
Describe three properties of the transition elements
Explain the malleability of alloys
Use the mole concept to describe the amounts of metals in an alloy
State the flame colours of sodium, copper, calcium and potassium
Describe the tests for aqueous copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and zinc, using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia
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